Bhakti Marga (organisation)

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This article is about the neo-Hindu organisation. For the spiritual concept, see Bhakti yoga.
  • Bhakti Marga
Formation13 June 2005 (18 years ago) (2005-06-13)
FounderVishwananda
TypeReligious organization
Legal statusFoundation
HeadquartersShree Peetha Nilaya, Heidenrod, Hesse, Germany
Area served
Worldwide
AffiliationsVishishtadvaita, Kriya Yoga school, Warkari, Shaktism, Shaivism, Sri Vaishnavism, Sant Tradition (Hinduism)
Websitewww.bhaktimarga.org

Bhakti Marga is a neo-Hindu organisation founded by Mauritian-born guru Paramahamsa Sri Swami Vishwananda. It was founded on 13 June 2005 in Frankfurt, Germany. Its main headquarters is located in Heidenrod, Hesse, Germany. It views itself as being part of a new tradition founded by Vishwananda, the Hari Bhakta Sampradaya, which represents a combination of certain Vaishnava, Shaiva and Shakta philosophies. The followers do not extensively adhere to one particular set of scriptures but rather predominantly on the "personality of Paramahamsa Vishwananda", similar to the Sant tradition.[1]

History[edit]

Bhakti Marga means "Path of Devotion".[2][3] Hari means 'God' (more specifically Vishnu), Bhakta means 'devotees' and Sampradaya means 'lineage of teachings'. The sampradaya has been viewed as a combination of the teachings of various vedantic saints, such as Mahavatar Babaji[4], Ramanujacharya and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, including other Hindu denominations.[5]

Vishwananada receives the title Mahamandaleshwara by Nirmohi Akhada, which makes him the second guru outside of India to be awarded the title.

Vishwananda arrived in the West in the year of 2004 and settled in a house in Steffenshof, Germany, with a small group of followers. He later established the organisation on 13 June 2005 at the age of 27.[6] He began the movement by travelling the world to give darshans, lead pilgrimages, build communities, and to initiate monks into the Bhakti Marga spiritual lineage.[7][8] The first Bhakti Marga commune, Shree Peetha Nilaya, opened to the public in 2013 in Heidenrod, Germany.[9] Following Paramahamsa Vishwananda’s lead, additional ashrams have been built by the organization's swamis around the world such as ashrams in India (Vrindavan),[10] Latvia (Riga) and Russia (Moscow). By the end of 2022 Bhakti Marga had around 10,000 followers[11] and between 30 and 50 ashrams worldwide. By the end of 2023 Vishwananda had around 50,000 followers, which includes 450 initiated male and female Brahmacharis, as well as more than 50 male and female Swamis and Rishis.[12]

Motto and principles[edit]

The tradition of Bhakti Marga is centered around developing a deeply personal relationship with the Divine and the guru. This relationship fosters an environment in which unconditional acceptance of oneself can flourish, allowing practitioners to experience and express pure love in all aspects of their lives. As this Divine Love arises from within, it nurtures a profound sense of self-confidence, empowering individuals to integrate this love into their daily activities and interactions. It emphasizes the importance of spiritual development alongside personal growth, ensuring that the love cultivated through the practice is both internal and external, benefiting the individual and the broader community.[1]

Navadhana Bhakti[edit]

Bhakti Marga incorporates nine distinct forms of bhakti, which are central to its transformative power through Atma Kriya Yoga. Each of the fifteen techniques in Atma Kriya Yoga is believed to awaken a different form of bhakti, enriching the practitioner's spiritual journey. Greater awareness of the soul, combined with love and devotion to God, is said to enhance the practice.[13]

The forms of bhakti include Shravana bhakti, which involves listening to the stories and glories of the God and the saints, and chanting. Kirtana bhakti is the singing of God's pastimes, bringing joy and divine resonance to the body, mind, and spirit. Smarana bhakti focuses on the constant remembrance of the Divine, helping the mind release worries and turn to the Divine. Padaseva bhakti entails serving humanity, recognizing the divinity within all individuals.[13]

Archana bhakti involves the external worship of the Divine, with breathing techniques that purify the body and focus the mind. Vandana bhakti, the act of bowing down, promotes humility and the acknowledgment of the Divine’s greatness, transforming yoga postures into acts of devotion. Dasya bhakti is about offering service to the Divine through daily duties, seeing every act as an offering of love and gratitude. Sakhya bhakti emphasizes the personal and eternal relationship each person has with the Divine, which can be expressed in various ways. Atmanivedana bhakti represents the soul’s natural devotion upon realizing the omnipresence of the Lord, achievable through the grace of a saint and facilitated by Atma Kriya Yoga’s Shaktipat Initiation.[13]

Motto[edit]

The main aim of the organisation and its sampradaya is to re-establish harmonious relationship with God, characterized by unconditional love and devotion.[1]

Religious practices[edit]

Bhakti Marga followers follow Sadhana or 'spiritual practice', which can be carried out in any form or sequence. However, the main practices are japa, the reciting of the holy names, meditation with Atma Kriya Yoga,[14][4] daily prayer in worship through puja and yajna. Encouragement is also made to take up at least one verse of the Bhagavad Gita daily.[14] Devotional arts are also seen as ways to express bhakti towards Hari, such as painting, Sri Yantra composition, singing, dancing and theatre plays.[15][16] Om Namo Narayanaya is described as a powerful maha-mantra which is considered that all other mantras are contained within it, which is chanted multiple rounds a day.[5][17]

Initiation[edit]

A Bhakti Marga devotee's initiation into the sampradaya would need to adhere to its religious rules for a minimum of 2 years.[18]

  • Maintain a strict vegetarian diet, refraining from eggs, fish, or meat consumption, especially from involvement in purchasing, handling, or cooking any form of meat.
  • Abstain from intoxicants, including smoking, recreational drugs, and alcoholic beverages.
  • Engage in monthly participation in Bhakti Marga activities, whether physical or online.
  • Perform daily japa, allowing for occasional missed periods.
  • Study either the Bhagavad Gita Essentials or the Shreemad Bhagavad Gita: The Song of Love.
  • Peruse a minimum of one of Paramahamsa Vishwananda's books, excluding the Bhagavad Gita commentary.
  • Successfully complete a Devotee Course (the devotee is taught the concepts needed in mind in order to receive formal initiation).
  • Obtain approval from a swami/ni or rishi/ka.
Narasimha
Narasimha, a fierce avatar of Vishnu, is prominently worshipped in Bhakti Marga ashrams

Roles[edit]

Bhakti Marga swamis/swaminis wear orange clothing, who are seen as "spiritual advisors and emissaries of Paramahamsa Vishwananda". They are entrusted with the spiritual welfare of the sangha (community members). The organization's rishis/rishikas wear red carry out the mission of disseminating the organization's teachings and are regarded as "swamis-in-training." Both groups receive their initiation directly from Paramahamsa Vishwananda. The brahmacharis/brahmacharinis of the organization wear yellow. Their clothing are usually in the form of kurtas, dhotis, and saris. All are initiated devotees who take additional vows of celibacy and voluntarily take part in all the organization's activities.[16]

A Bhakti Marga follower performing japa with a mala bag.

Some monks and nuns reside in ashramas, where they are supported by the community, allowing them to dedicate themselves in assisting Paramahamsa Vishwananda and advancing the Bhakti Marga mission. Others balance their spiritual responsibilities with their household lives, known as grihasta, while supporting local sanghas in their respective countries.[16]

Ashrams[edit]

Every Bhakti Marga ashram has at least one temple, which in turn often contains several idols representing deities. In addition to various Hindu deities, Vaishnava and non-vaishnava, Babaji and Ramanuja are worshipped as gurus in the main temple in Springen.[19] The main deities in Sri Vaishnava are Narayana and Lakshmi,[20][21] who are also worshiped in the Bhakti Marga temples.[22] However, many other deities are also worshiped, some of which belong to the Vaishnava pantheon (Radha and Krishna), but some of them do not. This worship of non-vaishnava gurus and deities, like Shiva and Durga,[23] distinguishes Bhakti Marga from other Vaishnava religions, like Shri Vaishnava, or Gaudiya Vaishnava, which is known in western countries mainly through the Hare Krishna movement.[24]

In addition, the ashram in Springen contains a Russian Orthodox chapel, in which there are also relics of Christian saints.[25] It is not uncommon in the syncretistic system of Hinduism for Christ to be viewed as the avatar of Vishnu. However, there are currently no liturgical services in the chapel. Building of the temple has cost more than one million euros. The movement claims to have between 30 and 50 centres or temples worldwide, some of them rather small.[19]

In November 2020 it became known that Bhakti Marga in Kirchheim in the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district of Hesse wants to set up its Hindu Germany center in the area of the Seepark Kirchheim holiday complex, which includes its own lake.[26]

In January 2022 Bhakti Marga purchased a former Catholic Church in West Elmira, New York, the former Our Lady of Lourdes parish, to become its first ashram and temple in America.[27] According to Swami Tulsidas, Bhakti Marga's representative in North America, the main deity in the new ashram will be that of Narasimha, the avatar of Vishnu.[28] In October 22, 2023, In the small town of Elmira, New York, Swami Paramahamsa Vishwananda completed the inauguration of the Paranitya Narasimha Temple and ashram on September 3, 2023. It was the culmination of a massive undertaking by the oragnization's American devotees and monks. Hundreds of people from around the world made the pilgrimage to attend. Devotees from Russia, Brazil, Canada, India and Africa gathered in Elmira to volunteer and help in the event.[29]

Just Love Festival[edit]

Since 2015, Bhakti Marga has held a large, multi-day festival in Germany every year, the Just Love Festival, which attracts up to 3,000 visitors. The duration of the festival varies between three and ten days. During the festival, various spiritual music bands from different countries play, mainly bhajans and kirtans, but these can be interpreted differently, such that Sanskrit hymns could also be rapped. The event is usually in the summer, the focus of the festival is Guru Purnima, a Hindu festival held every year in honor of the guru, spiritual or academic, on a full moon day. As a supporting program there are exhibitions of arts and crafts, a bazaar, a vegan restaurant, and various teaching lectures and workshops by Bhakti Marga initiated members.[19] "Just Love" is also the slogan of Bhakti Marga. It is meant to express the ideal of the movement, which places love at the center of life, love for God, but also love for the guru or the community.

Controversial activities[edit]

On December 10, 2016, Bhakti Marga carried out a group chanting at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria. Critics accused Bhakti Marga of exploitation and relativization of the holocaust.[30][31]

On March 17, 2018, Bhakti Marga carried out a group chanting at the Buchenwald concentration camp, which led to protests.[30][31]

The head of the Jewish community in Thuringia state, Germany, Reinhard Schramm, stated that he faced no issue when meeting the organization and even referred to them as 'partners' in the fight against ethnic and religious racism and xenophobia. In Austria, the interior ministry responsible for memorial sites stated that the monuments are open to anyone who respects “the dignity of the place.” Willi Mernyi, chairman of the Mauthausen Committee who oversees the memorial, said that he saw the procession as an act of respect and wanted to not criticise the organisation for it.[32]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Becoming a Devotee". blog.bhaktimarga.org. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  2. ^ "Hindu spiritual group moves into former West Elmira Catholic Church". WETM - MyTwinTiers.com. 2022-04-01. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  3. ^ "Hinduism - Karma, Samsara, Moksha | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  4. ^ a b "Mahavatar Babaji and the Grace of the Masters". blog.bhaktimarga.org. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  5. ^ a b Vishwananda, Paramahamsa Sri Swami (2017-01-12). Shreemad Bhagavad Gita: The Song of Love. Bhakti Marga Publications. ISBN 978-3-940381-70-5.
  6. ^ "Hindu-Tempel der Bhakti Marga hat Hauptsitz in Hessen". FAZ.NET (in German). 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  7. ^ "Meet Paramahamsa Vishwananda, Revolutionary Guru Who Is Travelling All Around World Giving Darshans Since Age of 15 Years | LatestLY". LatestLY. 2023-02-23. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  8. ^ "Darshan with Sri Swami Vishwananda in Guwahati". Assam Times. 2013-11-07. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  9. ^ "Paramahamsa Vishwananda's enlightenment and his early years". APN News. March 24, 2023.
  10. ^ "Kriya Yoga And Spiritual Guru Paramahamsa Vishwananda To Visit India, Here's How You Can Seek His Blessings". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  11. ^ Focus-Online staff (19 August 2023). "Mitten im Taunus baut Hindu-Guru via Tiktok seine Sekte auf" [In the middle of the Taunus, the Hindu guru is building up his sect via Tiktok]. Focus-Online. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
  12. ^ Sharma, Sonu (2023-12-18). "परमहंस श्री विश्वानंद ने मनाया कार्तिक उत्सव". 4PM News. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  13. ^ a b c "Dive into the Heart of Meditation". blog.bhaktimarga.org. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  14. ^ a b Deep, Ajay (2023-05-22). "Parmahamsa Vishwananda says, "Atma Kriya Yoga is like a universal highway to develop your personal relationship with God". Chandigarh Metro. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  15. ^ "Paramahamsa Vishwananda says "India feels like home to me."". www.ibtimes.sg. 2023-04-17. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  16. ^ a b c "What is the Lifestyle of a Hari Bhakta?". blog.bhaktimarga.org. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  17. ^ "Project Mantra". Bhakti Marga Mauritius. Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  18. ^ "Become a Devotee Of Paramahamsa Vishwananda". pages.bhaktimarga.org. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
  19. ^ a b c Maus, Robert (10 September 2018). "Der Ashram im Taunus" [Ashram in Taunus]. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German).
  20. ^ Tapasyananda, Svami (1990). Bhakti Schools of Vedanta. Mylapore, Madras: Sri Ramakrishna Math. pp. 31–33. ISBN 81-7120-226-8.
  21. ^ Tapasyananda, Svami (1991). "Introduction". Sri Ramanuja Gita Bhasya. Translated by Svami Adidevanand. Mylapore, Madras: Sri Ramakrishna Math. pp. 9–40. ISBN 81-7823-290-1.
  22. ^ Shree Peetha Nilaya staff (August 2023). "Serve a deity program". Shree Peetha Nilaya. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
  23. ^ Vasconcelos, Catarina Maldonado (20 April 2021). ""Ele é um avatar de amor." A comunidade hindu do Porto que adora o guru de Rui Patrício como deus" ["He is an avatar of love." The Hindu community in Porto that worships Rui Patrício's guru as a god]. TSF (in Portuguese).
  24. ^ Dimock, Edward C. Jr. (2000). "Adi Lila, Chapter 17, verses 33 ff". In Steward, Tony K. (ed.). Caitanya caritamrta of Krsnadasa Kaviraja: a translation and commentary. Harvard Oriental Series. Vol. 65. ISBN 0-674-00285-7.
  25. ^ Eißler, Friedmann (January 2020). "Bhakti Marga in der Kritik" [Bhakti Marga in criticism]. Zeitschrift für Religion und Weltanschauung [Journal of Religion and Worldview] (in German).
  26. ^ Löwenberger, Bernd (18 November 2020). "Seepark Kirchheim verkauft: Aus für das Hotel, Hindu-Religionszentrum geplant" [Seepark Kirchheim sold: Planned out for the hotel, Hindu religious center]. Hersfelder Zeitung.
  27. ^ Aldinger, Carl (September 7, 2022). "Hindu spiritual group moves into former West Elmira Catholic Church". MyTwinTiers.com.
  28. ^ Bhakti Marga America (2022-01-25). ELMIRA: New Ashram and Mandir Announcement. Retrieved 2024-05-25 – via YouTube.
  29. ^ "Paranitya Narasimha Temple Dedicated – Hindu Press International". Retrieved 2024-02-19.
  30. ^ a b Niewendick, Martin (3 March 2018). "Spirituelle Gruppe will KZ-Gedenkstätte mit Ritual "heilen"" [Spiritual group wants to heal concentration camp]. Die Welt (in German).
  31. ^ a b Sommer, Philipp (2 March 2018). "Dieser Kult will in Konzentrationslagern meditieren" [This cult wants to meditate at concentration camps]. Vice (in German).
  32. ^ Heneghan, Tom (2018-03-30). "Hindus chant to 'purify' former Nazi concentration camps". Religion News Service. Retrieved 2024-02-19.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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